Herniation of a spinal disc occurs when the gel-like interior of the disc breaks through the disc's outer wall, forcing material into the space normally occupied by the spinal nerves. Although disc herniation most commonly occurs in the lower back, it can also arise in the discs of the neck. While the pain from herniated discs in the neck can be severe, treatment for this condition is usually simple and effective.
Symptoms and Potential Complications
Certain factors increase your chances of injury from a herniated disc, including increasing age, lack of exercise, poor posture mechanics and smoking. If you experience disc problems in your neck, your symptoms may include pain or burning in the muscles of your neck and shoulders; tingling, numbness or weakness in one arm; or headaches in the rear of your head. If you experience these symptoms, see your doctor as soon as possible. While you may have nothing more serious than a herniated disc, your doctor will need to eliminate other possible causes for your pain.
Be especially aware if you develop weakness affecting both sides of your body, or if you lose control of your bladder or bowels. These signs may indicate a more serious compression of your spinal nerves, which can lead to permanent nerve damage or paralysis. Go to the emergency room immediately if you experience these symptoms.
Cold and Heat Treatments
Despite potential complications, treatment for the vast majority of herniated discs is quite straightforward. Your doctor will typically begin treatment with the regular application of ice to diminish swelling, pain and possible muscle spasms. After 48 hours, you may switch to heat therapy, which will increase blood flow and reduce toxins in your muscle tissue. Keep your sessions of cold or heat therapy to a maximum of 20 minutes, and remember never to place ice or a heat source directly on your skin.
Pain Medications
Depending on your level of discomfort, you doctor may use a number of pain medications. Mild or moderate pain is usually controlled with over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin or naproxen. Acetaminophen may also be effective. More severe pain may call for the use of muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine or diazepam. If these medications are ineffective, your doctor may prescribe short-term use of codeine or a hydrocodone/acetaminophen mix. All painkillers carry certain risks and side effects. Consult regarding the particular medications used in your treatment.
Exercise and Physical Therapy
Temporarily limiting or modifying your physical activity may also provide relief. If you are capable of exercise, be sure to pick activities that do not aggravate your injury. While you may need a limited period of bed rest, maintain your daily work schedule as much as possible. Consult a physical therapist for a full treatment program to promote healing and avoid re-injury.
Prognosis and Surgery
In 90 percent to 95 percent of cases, herniated neck discs will heal significantly over a period of four to six weeks. If problems persist, surgery may be needed. Ask for the details of any surgical procedure he may recommend.
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