Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, uncontrollable leg movement and muscle pain. There are a variety of treatment options available for RLS, some of which include prescription and over-the-counter medications and general lifestyle modifications.
Prevalence
While the exact numbers aren't known, restless leg syndrome is thought to occur at a rate of about 5.5 percent among the general population, according to the National Institutes of Health.
Causes
In many cases, RLS is caused by an underlying health condition. Identifying and treating the primary cause of RLS can greatly improve symptoms. According to Medline Plus, common causes of RLS include diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, kidney disease and Parkinson's disease.
Prescription Medications
Dopaminergic agents like the anti-Parkinson's drug ropinirole are often prescribed as a first line of treatment for restless legs. In more severe cases, drugs from the benzodiazepine and opiate families may be given for their muscle relaxing and painkilling properties. Anticonvulsants like gabapentin are sometimes effective in reducing the sensory disturbances associated with RLS.
Herbal and Nutritional Supplements
According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, nutritional supplements like calcium and magnesium may help treat underlying deficiencies that can aggravate RLS. Herbal supplements with muscle-relaxing properties--such as valerian root or passionflower--may also help relieve muscle tension and general restlessness.
Lifestyle Modifications
Healthy lifestyle changes can play an important role in easing RLS and muscle cramps. Decreasing caffeine, tobacco and alcohol intake can help prevent symptoms, while use of hot baths and other relaxing activities can relieve symptoms once they've set in. Establishing a regular sleeping pattern and exercising frequently may .
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