The Arthritis Foundation says rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects 1.3 million people, causing pain and stiffness and possible damage to the bone and ligaments of the affected joints.
Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease which typically affects the smaller joints of the body, like the hand or wrists. There is no known cause or cure, and the Arthritis Foundation says it may actually be several different diseases, which share a common set of symptoms.
Effects
In RA, the body's immune system attacks the synovial membranes of the joints, causing damage to the membranes as well as the ligaments, bone, and cartilage in the joint.
Cartilage and Ligament Damage
RA can cause damage to the ligaments and cartilage due to the constant swelling and destruction of the synovial membranes.
Bone Loss
Without healthy synovial membranes, ligaments and cartilage, damage to the bone structures is certain. The bones are no longer cushioned or protected, meaning bone-on-bone contact. Inflammation also contributes to the damage.
Deformed Joints
With damaged or destroyed bone and tissue, the joints gradually take on a gnarled, deformed appearance. This deformation limits movement, making everyday tasks like grasping a doorknob or buttoning a shirt difficult.
Options
There are several surgical options available to remedy the damage caused by RA, including fusions, synovectomies, and joint replacement. RA patients should discuss the options with a rheumatologist.
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