A bladder infection, also known as cystitis or urinary tract infection, is an infection of the bladder caused by bacteria. The bladder can become infected when bacteria travels from the urethra, a normally sterile tube that allows urine to leave the body, up to the bladder. It is most commonly caused by the E. coli bacteria.
Improper Wiping
One cause of bladder infections in toddlers is improper wiping. If a toddler, especially a girl, wipes from back to front, some bacteria from the anus may brought toward the urethra, increasing the chance of its spread toward the bladder. To prevent a bladder infection, toddlers need to be taught to wipe from front to back to help avoid spreading bacteria.
Chafed Urethra
Another cause of bladder infections is chafing of the urethra. This irritation can makes it easier for the bacteria to infect the urethra. Tight diapers and clothing, as well as a toddler sitting in a wet and soiled diaper for too long can cause urethra irritation. Essential oils in shampoos and bubble baths can also cause the urethra to become irritated, so giving a toddler a bubble bath is discouraged.
Constipation
Constipation is another cause of bladder infections in toddlers. When a toddler is constipated, the stool in her colon is pressed against her bladder. This causes the bladder not to empty completely, and the urine that remains in the bladder becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. Encouraging your toddler to drink more liquids will ease constipation and help prevent a bladder infection.
Holding in Urine
Another cause of bladder infections is when a toddler holds in urine. The longer urine is held in, the more likely it is for bacteria to make it up to the bladder and for the bacteria to multiply. Teaching your toddler to go to the bathroom as soon as he feels the urge to urinate will help prevent a bladder infection. Increasing your toddler's fluid intake will also help prevent a bladder infection because it will cause your toddler to empty his bladder more frequently.
Anatomic or Functional Abormalities
Anatomic or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract can also cause bladder infections. This can include abnormalities such as a malformed kidney or a partially blocked urethra or ureter (the tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder). Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is an urinary tract abnormality where urine, instead of being excreted out the urethra, flows back up to the bladder; this can cause a bladder infection.
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