The dangers of sun exposure include sunburn, heat stroke or skin cancer, in the form of melanomas that form on the skin and become cancerous. The American Cancer Society recommends everyone wear sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher. Examine your skin regularly. Pay attention to any changes in size or appearance of moles or freckles. See your doctor immediately if you have dark spots from sun exposure that do not fade.
Significance
Sun exposure is more hazardous these days, as the Earth's ozone layer has thinned from the widespread use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) that "punch" holes in the ozone, allowing more burning ultraviolet rays (UVA) to enter. Sunscreens that provide protection from UVA and UVB are recommended.
Identification
Sunburn is considered sun poisoning when the skin reddens and may puff or even blister and later painfully peel off. See your doctor for any serious sunburns. Sunstroke can occur from overexposure to the sun and failure to drink water throughout the day. Go to an emergency room if you have a sudden fever, followed by chills, headache or vomiting. Skin cancer can occur from repeated exposure to the sun without adequate protection from UVA rays.
Features
Skin cancer affects 1 million people a year in the United States. While in many countries, it is not a sign of health to have tanned skin, in the United States, a summer tan is still a hallmark of youth and beauty. Skin cancer in the form of melanomas must be screened by a doctor. Untreated, skin cancer can spread to the internal organs and be fatal.
Warning
Sunning without wearing sunscreen or protective clothing can result in serious sunburns, heat stroke or skin cancer. People who are fair-skinned or have had at least one bad sunburn are at higher risk for skin cancer.
Prevention/Solution
Avoid being outside in the sun between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun is at its brightest. If you must be outdoors, wear sunscreen, a sunhat, sunglasses and appropriate clothing. Remain hydrated and do not use products such as baby oil to get a fast tan.
Misconceptions
It is a misconception to think that you need sunscreen only during the spring and summer. Sunscreen should be applied to the skin daily. UVA rays penetrate during cloudy days.
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