Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction to specific substances that are inhaled and create inflammation inside your nose. Some of the worst offenders are pollens, pet dander, molds and dust mites. Symptoms such as sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, itchy throat or nose and/or coughing are generally prevalent when you are suffering from allergic rhinitis. Unfortunately, there is no cure for allergic rhinitis. But many preventative measures, as well as medications can help alleviate symptoms.
Outdoor Prevention
Limiting your exposure to outdoor triggers can be an effective way to reduce a reaction. Before planning a day outside, check online pollen and mold forecasts. If counts are high, try to schedule activities inside and limit your time outdoors. You may also want to plan traveling to areas where the is low, when it is at the worst in your area. In severe cases, you may want to consider wearing a mask that can help filter out allergens.
Indoor Prevention
To get rid of symptoms of allergic rhinitis indoors, be sure to vacuum with a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter. This powerful filter has the ability to remove many micro sized allergens in the home, including pet dander and pollens. HEPA filters are also available for air purifiers and air conditioners. During high allergy season, keep the windows closed and the air conditioner on to avoid letting in any outdoor triggers. If you have a pet, keep him out of your bedroom and try to limit him to one room in the house.
Fast Acting Medications
Many over-the-counter and prescription medications can help reduce the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Antihistamines and decongestants are the most popular form of fast-acting relief medications. Antihistamines combat histamine, which is a chemical that is released in the body during an allergic reaction and creates inflammation. Decongestants are known for their power to reduce the excess congestion caused by increased inflammation. Both medications are effective and can be administered orally, with eye drops or with nasal spray. Whichever medication you take, be sure to take it at the first sign of any symptom, as it can take up to 30 minutes before any relief is felt.
Preventative Medication
When your allergic rhinitis symptoms are chronic, your doctor may prescribe preventative medications that can help keep your symptoms under control. Corticosteroids are one of the best anti inflammatory medications available. For allergies, they may be prescribed in the form of eye drops or nasal sprays such as Patanol or Nasonex. Another effective type of preventative medication is a leukotriene blocker, such as Singulair. Leukotrienes are molecules capable of signaling other cells to . Leukotriene blockers stop this process. When used daily, these preventative medications can effectively reduce inflammation over time.
Immunotherapy
One of the best ways to cure allergic rhinitis is with immunotherapy. If you suffer from year-round allergies to pollens, pet dander and dust mites, then you may be a good candidate for this type of therapy. A series of shots containing your specific triggers is administered by your allergist. The doses start out small, and over time are increased while your body builds immunity. This desensitization process can be effective in completely eliminating your allergies; unfortunately, it is a huge time commitment. Weekly visits to your allergist can take years before any relief or change may be felt.
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