Polycystic kidney disease, or PKD, is a condition in which cysts that are filled with liquid invade the kidneys. These cysts take over, inhibiting the kidneys to work properly. The kidneys act as a blood purifier, cleaning out all of the extra byproducts and water. Then the material is passed to the bladder as urine. If multiple cysts are taking up space all over the kidneys, the blood can't be purified, and serious health problems can occur.
Baby PKD
Although it's not a common occurrence, babies can acquire this disease even in the womb, which can be lethal. If the baby has it after birth, his kidneys may eventually fail, leading to the need for either a transplant or regular dialysis.
Adult PKD
If an adult has PKD, he usually shows signs around the age of 30 to 50. It has a quick progression, which can lead to kidney failure. If there is kidney failure, a kidney transplant or regular dialysis are necessary.
Causes of PKD
The causes of PKD have to do with genetic factors. If a parent has the disease, he can pass the gene onto his child, with 50 percent odds. This is considered an autosomal dominant trait. If neither parent has the condition, but one carries the gene, then their child could be affected. These odds are 25 percent. This is called "autosomal recessive inheritance."
Co-Existing Conditions/Symptoms
Most patients with PKD will have problems with keeping their blood pressure down and stable. They may even be diabetic. The cysts wreak havoc on the kidneys, which effects the rest of the body. Pain is common, especially in the lower abdomen or back. If there is inefficeient filtration, the kidneys may try to pass bigger objects down through the bladder, causingg spasm-like pain. The patient may even notice blood during urination.
Diagnosis of PKD
After reviewing the patient's genetics and history. a urine test will be perfomed, which might show blood or protein in the urine. Bloodwork also will be done, including a CBC, which is a complete blood count, and even kidney function tests like BUN and creatinine. BUN stands for Blood Urea Nitrogen, which tells doctors how the kidneys are functioning. Creatinine has to do with the muscles, and it's put out of the body by the kidneys, so this too will tell doctors if the kidneys are functioning properly. Other tests might include an ultrasound, CT scan and MRI, which will show images of the kidneys with possible cysts.
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