High blood pressure is a dangerous condition that can have long-term effects. Ideal blood pressure is 120/80. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to many life-threatening conditions, such as heart failure, artery damage and aneurysm. High blood pressure may be treated by changing your diet and lifestyle and, if necessary, by taking medications. In recent years, several genetic factors have been found to potentially cause high blood pressure.
Renin-Angiogenesis-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Defects
Certain genes control the RAAS system, which helps regulate blood pressure. When problems exist with this system, the body may retain too much water and sodium. Also, it may narrow blood vessels. Both of these things contribute to high blood pressure.
Sympathetic Nervous System Defects
This system is also referred to as the "fight or flight" system. If this system is overactive, the heart rate may increase or its contractions may become stronger, leading to high blood pressure.
Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance many times results in type 2 diabetes, which is often linked with pressure. Thus, having insulin resistance may predispose an individual to also have high blood pressure.
Malfunctioning Baroreceptors
Baroreceptors present in blood vessels detect blood pressure. If working properly, the baroreceptors should signal the brain when it detects blood pressure that's too high or too low. However, in some individuals, these baroreceptors do not work properly and may not send the signal until blood pressure is much higher than it should be.
Vasodilators Deficiencies
Vasodilators are a group of body substances that dilate blood vessels. If these substances are deficient, vessels will be too narrow and possibly cause a rise in blood pressure.
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